That Age Do You Put Your Baby in a Frount Fasing Carseat

• Rear-Facing: It's Non Only for Babies Anymore

The nation'due south summit scientists, researchers, and physicians recommend that kids sit down rear-facing in the car for every bit long as possible, because rear-facing is safer. Here's why your 2, 3, 4 or even 5 yr old should be riding rear-facing.

The American University of Pediatrics (AAP) has for 20+ years recommended keeping kids rear-facing until they are as well big for rear-facing in their convertible seat. The AAP reiterated this in their 2018 policy argument.

The National Highway Traffic Safe Administration (NHTSA) also updated their recommendations, now specifying that children remain rear-facing until reaching "the elevation height or weight limit allowed by your machine seat'southward manufacturer."

The main questions we get concerning extended rear-facing have to do with WHY it's safer, and HOW bigger kids can stay comfortable rear-facing (jump there now). Information technology'south a big topic merely nosotros've tried to address it conspicuously and thoroughly here. Please let us know if you accept questions about this critical condom outcome!

Crash Simulation: Why rear-facing is safer

At a merchandise show, The Car Seat Lady used a crash simulator. She wore a heavy helmet to mimic the size and weight of a child'due south head to actually become a total body feel. Spotter to encounter what happens and how she tolerates the different positions, and heed to her first-class description of why rear-facing is safer.

Crash Test: Come across how rear-facing is safer

This video shows two 12-month-old crash exam dummies each secured in the same car seat. One seat is rear-facing and one is forrard-facing. Watch how much the forward-facing dummy's head and neck motion! Remember that this video is slowed downward tremendously since crashes happen faster than the blink of an eye. For more on the physics behind why rear-facing is safer, see here.

What was going on in those crash exam videos?

What is then bad about how the forward-facing dummy moved?

In a crash everyone moves towards the point of impact, so in a frontal crash everyone moves toward the front of the car. If y'all're frontwards-facing in a automobile-seat or a seat chugalug, your upper body stops quickly considering the chest strap on the car seat or the seat chugalug holds you back. Notwithstanding, your caput doesn't cease as quickly! Instead, it moves all the mode frontward until your chin touches your chest, and then goes all the way back. It whips forrard and back in the glimmer of an eye (and is chosen whiplash).

Since an adult'south head is simply 6% of their body weight, y'all can withstand having your head pulled violently away from your trunk. Y'all will be sore for a few days, but you hopefully won't have any lasting injury.

Information technology's quite different for a newborn, whose head is a whopping 25% of its body. This means that if a newborn were forrard-facing in a frontal crash, their head would pull forward with four times as much force as would an adult's!

Strength and rigidity of the bones in the spine also contribute to how well yous can tolerate your head being pulled forward and back in a crash. The bones of an infant's spine are fabricated up of soft, stretchy cartilage. The ligaments that connect these cartilaginous bones are also underdeveloped and stretchy. Scientists accept institute that a newborn's spinal column (bones + ligaments) tin stretch upwardly to 2 inches, whereas the spinal cord inside can stretch simply 1/4 of an inch. If the spinal cord is forced to stretch more than it tin can, information technology breaks, leaving the baby paralyzed or worse.

Children are not simply smaller adults; their bodies are differently proportioned and structured, and this difference affects their ability to tolerate the whiplash motion.

Physics: How rear-facing works to avoid injury in a crash

In a frontal crash, when anybody moves to the bespeak of bear on–the front of the motorcar–a rear-facing baby will move in a different fashion. A rear-facing baby will move into the back of his car seat and will slide gently up the machine seat. This allows the back of the car seat to absorb the brunt of the affect and distribute the remaining forces along the child'south entire back, which is the strongest part of his body. The most important part: because he sits rear-facing, the child'south head, neck, and torso all move together in a straight line. The whiplash move is avoided totally.

What about rear-facing in a rear-stop crash?

What about their legs?

Won't my child's legs exist injured?

Is my child comfortable with their legs like that?

We get A LOT of questions about rear-facing kids' legs! We want to clinch you that no, their legs will not be injured, and yes, they are quite comfortable with their legs like that.

Watch how legs move in a crash

The video beneath shows a side by side comparing of a forrad-facing car seat (on the left) and a rear-facing car seat (on the right) using the same crash test dummy and the aforementioned crash speed. Lookout the video and find how the rear-facing dummy tucks into a cannonball position.No matter how scrunched the rear-facing child'southward legs first, they finish up super scrunched during the crash. This does NOT crusade injury to the legs (or other parts of the body either).

Lack of testify of leg injury from actual crashes

There are Goose egg documented cases of rear-facing children breaking their legs, hips, anxiety, etc., due to their feet touching the back of the vehicle seat. In fact, studies show that forrad-facing kids endure many more leg injuries than rear-facing kids. The leg injuries to forwards-facing children occur when the child's legs wing up and hit the dorsum of the front seat as the child and car seat are moving forward. This traps the child's legs, putting tremendous pressure into the leg basic. This pressure can break the legs.

Legs vs Brains

Instead of worrying about a rear-facing kid's legs, we should be worrying about a forwards-facing child's caput and neck! Discover how the forward-facing child'southward head and neck are thrown forward in the video (snug straps but concord the breast back, not the head & neck), whereas the rear-facing kid's head and neck are cradled inside the shell of the machine seat. The forrad-facing child's head being thrown violently forward IS a crusade for injury. This encephalon and spinal cord tin exist prevented by keeping a child rear-facing.

The Comfort Question

Also worrying virtually leg injuries, many parents worry about leg discomfort in the rear-facing child. As kids go older, their feet will touch the back of the vehicle seat; this is both comfortable and safety.

Always wonder why a 5-yr-one-time can slumber comfortably with his chin on his chest and never wake up lament of a stiff neck? It'due south because kids' joints aren't fully formed, which lets them sit comfortably in positions that would be painful for even a yoga principal. Kids accept much more flexibility and range of motion in their ankle, knee and hip joints than adults do. For this reason, a 3-year-sometime can sit comfortably rear-facing with their legs crossed or in the "frog leg" position.

Parents of frontwards-facing children volition know that kids oftentimes endeavor to put their feet upwardly wherever they can – frequently the back of the front seat (which drives many adults crazy!). Forward-facing kids are doing this considering they're non comfortable!  Just like you lot aren't comfortable when you sit on a bar stool without a foot balance and your legs are left to dangle, kids don't like their legs dangling in the machine seat as happens forward-facing (just doesn't happen rear-facing).

Proof kids are comfortable rear-facing

I thought my child could turn forward-facing at 12 months?

This is Non correct. Many (many) years agone, in the days before the iPhone was invented, the minimum to plough forward facing was 1 year and 20 pounds.

In 2011 both the AAP and NHTSA updated their recommendations to reflect the latest research in child rider safety. The AAP now recommends that kids sit rear-facing until at least age 2 and for longer if possible. NHTSA now recommends: "Your kid should remain in a rear-facing car seat until he or she reaches the tiptop superlative or weight limit allowed by your machine seat'south manufacturer."

Only my child'due south convertible automobile seat just goes to xx or 22 pounds rear-facing. What do I practice?

Your motorcar seat is confusing you! Really! All convertible seats on the marketplace in the U.s.a. take for many, many years immune rear-facing until at least 30 pounds, with near going to twoscore or more pounds rear-facing. Nevertheless, the labels on the car seat misfile many families, leading them to call up a kid must exist forward-facing starting at 22 lbs.

Why? Because our government requires manufacturers to include some exceptionally disruptive wording on the labels of every convertible automobile seat (machine seats that get-go out rear-facing & so go forrad-facing). The sentence that confuses most people is "Use just in a rear-facing position when using information technology with an infant weighing less than 20 lbs." What this sentence is trying to say, is that for kids who weigh less than 20 lbs. the simply direction you are allowed to install this car seat is rear-facing – i.e. a child under xx pounds may never ride forrad-facing in this car seat. However, many people confuse this to mean that after 20 pounds you must turn the car seat forwards-facing – which is Not what it is trying to say.

In some other sentence, likely very close to where you found the confusing one, you'll come across the rear-facing maximum weight for your convertible seat, probable 40 pounds or even higher.

When is my child too big for rear-facing?

A child can be either besides heavy, too tall, or both–but all of this depends on the specifications of the automobile seat. Each automobile seat has its own height and weight limits for rear-facing children. Virtually convertible seats allow children to sit rear-facing up to 35, twoscore or l pounds. The height limit for most rear-facing car seats is that there must be at to the lowest degree 1 inch of room between the top of the kid'southward caput and the peak of the auto seat. This inch ensures that as the child slides up the seat in a crash, his head volition stay protected.

Given the pattern of well-nigh motorcar seats, the majority of children get too tall for rear-facing seats before they go besides heavy. Therefore, when you purchase a convertible motorcar seat, endeavour to select one that is taller in seated acme.

What almost "off the charts" big kids?

A 95th percentile kid may await stronger than his 5th percentile friend, only in a crash the bigger kid is More at risk if he'southward riding forward-facing. The rigidity of basic and the strength of ligaments in the spine is probable the aforementioned in children of the same age, no affair their size. And a 95th percentile baby likely has a much larger, heavier head, which will pull forwards which much more forcefulness than that of a 5th percentile child. Click here to learn about seats that can all-time accommodate the biggest kids rear-facing.

How to proceed your child entertained while rear-facing

Rear-facing doesn't take to be dull! Older kids tin ride quite upright so they can see out the side and rear windows. If at that place's a caput residual blocking your child's view out the back window, you lot tin usually remove it. By 9-12 months your infant knows you're in that location when you talk to them from the front – even though they tin't come across you lot. So you tin can calm and entertain your child with songs, stories, and for older children games of "I spy," all while they're rear-facing.

We've got lots of suggestions for smashing car seat & travel toys for babies & toddlers (and big kids too) because sometimes we all get a piffling cranky when nosotros're bored!

The dreaded Motion Sickness! Won't it help to turn effectually my child?

The long and short: most kids do not puke less when forrard-facing compared to rear-facing.

We've got lots of data on movement-sickness over here – including an explanation of why information technology is believed to occur, things you can exercise to decrease the chance of your kid puking, and how to minimize the mess and clean up if your kid does puke.

I already turned my kid forrad-facing. Should I actually turn my ii or 3 year one-time dorsum rear-facing?

Yes! When we know ameliorate, we must practice better. A few months ago when you turned her frontward facing you did what you idea was best, but at present you know differently. Avoid regrets, and requite your child the all-time protection.

Many parents worry that information technology volition be a disaster turning an older kid dorsum rear-facing. Here is ane mom'due south feel turning her most-3-year-old son back rear-facing:

"I was initially very hesitant to move my almost 3 twelvemonth quondam son to rear facing from frontwards facing. He has been sitting forward facing for over a year and can be stiff willed when it comes to modify. However, later hearing how much safer information technology is I was willing to try. The first three or and then drives were very hard as he asked to "await out mama and dada's window" almost the entire time. We ignored and distracted and I was most to give up when I noticed that although he still complained about sitting rear facing it happened less and less. Now (after near three weeks) he asks maybe once every other drive if he can sit down frontward facing and was even (mostly) fine the other day when his friend joined us and sat forwards facing. Information technology was a tough starting time few drives, but I am very happy we did information technology and I experience so much safer.

My 20 month old is too large for rear-facing in his current seat. Should I really buy another one to proceed him rear-facing?

Imagine information technology'south Nov and your 20-calendar month-quondam has outgrown all of their winter apparel from terminal year. Would you not buy them new winter clothes because "information technology will be warmer in four months"? Of form you would purchase them the wearing apparel! The same should go for the car seat!

The car seat is one of the only products you will ever buy for your child that has the potential to save their life! But like your kid needs new clothes frequently, they may need a new car seat sooner than you idea. If you are in a crash, you will exist relieved knowing that you lot gave them the best protection possible.

What's the law?

The laws of physics don't care about the laws of the state… merely with that said, information technology is now law in 15 states that children ride rear-facing until at to the lowest degree age ii.

1. California
2. Connecticut
3. Illinois
4. Louisiana
5. Maine
6. Nebraska
7. New Jersey
8. New York
9. Oklahoma
10. Oregon
11. Pennsylvania
12. Rhode Island
13. South Carolina
14. Virginia
15. Washington

What'south the show?

The recommendation to keep children nether age 2 rear-facing is not based on a single report, only rather on a wide body of research from the US and Sweden. These citations are included beneath for easy reference.

1. Sherwood CP, Crandall JR. Frontal sled tests comparing rear and forward facing child restraints with 1-3 yr onetime dummies.Annual Proceedings of the Clan for the Advocacy of Automotive Medicine. Clan for the Advocacy of Automotive Medicine, 2007,51: 169-80.
2. Planath I, Rygaard C, Nilsson South. Synthesis of information towards cervix protection criteria for children.Proceedings of the 1992 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impacts. Verona, Italia:155-66.
3. Kamren B, Koch Thou, Kullgren A, et al. The protective effects of rearward facing CRS: an overview of possibilities and bug associated with kid restraints for children aged 0-3 years.Child Occupant Protection Symposium: SAE International, 1993.
4. Klinich KD, Manary MA, Weber KB. Crash protection for child passengers: rationale for best do.UMTRI Res Rev 2012;43:one-35.
5. Isaksson-Hellman I, Jakobsson L, Gustafsson C, et al. Trends and effects of kid restraint systems based on Volvo'southward Swedish blow database.41st Stapp Auto Crash Briefing: SAE International, 1997.
6. Jakobsson L, Isaksson-Hellman I, Lundell B. Safe for the growing child: experiences from Swedish blow data.Proceedings of the 17th ESV Conference, 2005.
7. American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Injury, Violence & Poison Prevention. Kid Passenger Safety. Pediatrics. 2018.
8. Arbogast KB, et al. Injuries to Children in Forward Facing Child Restraints. Almanac Proceedings Association for the Advocacy of Automotive Medicine. 2002; 46: 213-thirty.

Rear-facing: Not Just for Babies

Why 2, three, 4, and even 5 year olds should be rear-facing!

The American University of Pediatrics (AAP) has for 20+ years recommended keeping kids rear-facing until they are too big for rear-facing in their convertible seat. This was reiterated in their 2018 policy argument.

The National Highway Traffic Safety Assistants (NHTSA) also updated their recommendations, now specifying that children remain rear-facing until reaching "the top meridian or weight limit allowed by your car seat's manufacturer."

Our Favorite Seats for

Keeping Big Kids Rear-facing

Clek FoonfSplurge-worthy, loftier capacity rear-facing seat with max safety features: anti-rebound bar and rear-facing tether. Optimized for installation on side seats. Narrow outside and wide interior gives child max room while taking upwards less room in car than many infant seats. Likewise has max prophylactic features for forward-facing: rigid LATCH + crumple zone.Buy HereClek FlloHigh capacity rear-facing seat with max safety features: anti-rebound bar and rear-facing tether. Optimized for installation in eye seat. Narrow exterior and wide interior gives kid max room. Great in three-across when RF in center seat.Purchase HereGraco Extend2FitHighest rear-facing capacity of any seat in United states for both tallest and heaviest kids. Fits well in small cars behind tall drivers while giving child lots of leg room. Budget friendly! Note: we do not recommend the Platinum or 4Ever models – nosotros like the basic ii-in-1 model all-time!Purchase Here
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15 states now require kids to remain rear-facing until at to the lowest degree their 2nd birthday.

Whoa… you might be thinking "how does a 2-year-old fit rear-facing"… accept 90 seconds and watch the following video – and you'll see how these 90 different 2 year olds all ride safely and comfortably rear-facing.

Common Questions about Rear-facing

Why is rear-facing safer than forwards-facing?
Instead of having your head pull violently away from your chest, as happens when you are forward-facing in a frontal crash, the rear-facing child is cradled in their seat in much the same manner every bit yous catch a fastball in a paw.

This video shows ii 12-month-old crash test dummies each secured in the same car seat merely ane is rear-facing and one is forrard-facing – watch how much the forward-facing dummy'southward head and neck move – and remember that this video is slowed down tremendously every bit crashes happen quicker than the glimmer of an eye. For more than on the physics behind why rear-facing is safer, meet here.

What nearly their legs? Isn't it dangerous and/or uncomfortable?

The video higher up shows a side by side comparison of a forward-facing automobile seat (on the left) and a rear-facing car seat (on the correct) using the same crash examination dummy and the same crash speed.

Notice how the rear-facing dummy tucks into a cannonball position? No matter how scrunched the rear-facing child's legs beginning, they stop up super scrunched during the crash and it does Not cause injury to the legs (or other parts of the body either).There are ZERO documented cases of rear-facing children breaking their legs, hips, feet, etc., due to their feet touching the back of the vehicle seat. In fact, studies prove that forward-facing kids suffer many more leg injuries than rear-facing kids. The leg injuries to forward-facing children occur when the child's legs fly upward and hit the dorsum of the front seat all the while the kid & car seat are moving forward which traps the child's legs and puts tremendous pressure into the leg bones which tin can break them.

What you should be asking is "What about the Caput & Cervix?" – notice how the forward-facing child's caput and neck are thrown forward (snug straps only hold the breast back, not the head & cervix) – whereas the rear-facing child's head and cervix are cradled inside the vanquish of the machine seat. The forrad-facing child'southward head being thrown violently forward IS a crusade for brain and spinal cord injury… injury we tin can prevent past keeping a child rear-facing.

three-year-old happily rear-facing

Besides worrying about leg injuries, many parents worry nigh leg discomfort in the rear-facing kid. Equally kids get older, their feet will touch the back of the vehicle seat; this is both comfortable and safe. Ever wonder why a v-year-old can sleep comfortably with his chin on his chest and never wake up complaining of a potent neck? Information technology's considering kids' joints aren't fully formed, which lets them sit comfortably in positions that would be painful for fifty-fifty a yoga primary. Kids have much more than flexibility and range of motion in their talocrural joint, knee joint and hip joints than we do. For this reason, a 3-year-former can sit comfortably rear-facing with her legs crossed or in the "frog leg" position.

Parents of forward-facing children will know that the kids often effort and put their feet up wherever they can – often the back of the front end seat (which drives many adults crazy!). Frontwards-facing kids are doing this as just like you aren't comfortable when yous sit on a bar stool without a pes residuum and your legs are left to dangle, they don't similar their legs dangling in the auto seat as happens forward-facing (only doesn't happen rear-facing).

What almost rear-facing in a rear-end crash?

A recent written report looked at rear-facing machine seats in rear impacts. They written report found that rear-facing car seats mitigate and manage crash forces in a variety of ways that allow them to provide practiced protection for rear-facing kids. This finding is backed up by epidemiological and field data which also show that real kids riding rear-facing in real rear-terminate crashes typically exercise very well.

Someone told me I tin turn my kid forward-facing at i year and 20 pounds. Is this correct?

This is NOT correct. Many years ago, in the days before the iPhone was invented, the minimum to plough forward facing was i year and 20 pounds.

In 2011 both the AAP and NHTSA updated their recommendations to reflect the latest research in child passenger rubber. The AAP at present recommends that kids sit rear-facing until at least age 2. NHTSA now recommends: "Your kid should remain in a rear-facing car seat until he or she reaches the top height or weight limit allowed by your car seat'southward manufacturer."

But my child's convertible automobile seat only goes to twenty or 22 pounds rear-facing. What exercise I do?

Our authorities requires manufacturers to include some exceptionally confusing wording on the labels of every convertible auto seat (car seats that outset out rear-facing & then go forward-facing). The sentence that confuses most is "Utilize only in a rear-facing position when using information technology with an infant weighing less than 20 lbs." What this sentence is trying to say, is that for kids who counterbalance less than 20 lbs. the only direction y'all are allowed to install this car seat is rear-facing – i.e. a child under xx pounds may never ride forward-facing in this car seat. However, many people confuse this to mean that later on 20 pounds you must turn the motorcar seat forward-facing – which is NOT what information technology is trying to say. In some other sentence, likely very close to where you found the disruptive one, it volition give the rear-facing minimum and maximum weights for your convertible seat. All convertible seats on the market in the United states for many years now go rear-facing until at least 30 pounds, with most going to forty or more pounds rear-facing.

When is a child Also BIG for rear-facing?

A kid tin can exist either also heavy, too alpine, or both–merely all of this depends on the specifcations of the car seat. Each auto seat has its own height and weight limits for rear-facing children. Well-nigh convertible seats allow children to sit rear-facing up to 35, 40 or 50 pounds. The peak limit for most rear-facing machine seats is that at that place must be at to the lowest degree 1 inch of room between the superlative of the child's caput and the acme of the machine seat. This inch ensures that as the child slides up the seat in a crash, his head will stay protected. Given the pattern of most car seats, the majority of children become too alpine for rear-facing seats before they go too heavy. Therefore, when yous purchase a convertible car seat, try to select one that is taller in seated height.

What about big kids – those who are "off the charts"?

A 95th percentile kid may wait stronger than his 5th percentile friend, but in a crash the bigger child is More at adventure if he's riding frontwards-facing. The rigidity of bones and the force of ligaments in the spine is likely the aforementioned in children of the same age, no matter their size. And a 95th percentile baby likely has a much larger, heavier head, which will pull forrard which much more force than that of a fifth percentile kid. Click hither to learn about seats that can best accommodate the biggest kids rear-facing.

What if my child is unhappy riding rear-facing?

Rear-facing does not have to exist ho-hum! Older kids tin ride quite upright so they can run across out the side and rear windows. If at that place is a head rest blocking your child'south view out the back window, yous can unremarkably remove it. By nine-12 months your infant knows yous're there when yous talk to them from the front end – even though they can't see you. And then y'all tin can calm and entertain your kid with songs, stories – and for older children games of "I spy" – all while they are rear-facing.

Nosotros've got lots of suggestions for corking automobile seat & travel toys for babies & toddlers (and big kids besides) – bank check them out here – because sometimes we all get a little cranky when nosotros're bored!

What are some good toys for rear-facing kiddos?

We've got a pediatrician-curated option of toys, teethers, and games that are car seat & travel friendly for babies, toddlers & big kids. Nosotros all get a little cranky when we're bored – and these are certain to keep colorlessness at bay!

What about kids who get motion sick?

The long and brusk: most kids do non puke less when forward-facing compared to rear-facing.

We've got lots of information on motion-sickness over here – including an caption of why it is believed to occur, things you tin can practise to decrease the hazard of your kid puking, and how to minimize the mess and clean upward if your child does puke.

I already turned my 1 twelvemonth one-time frontwards-facing – should I really plow her dorsum rear-facing?

Aye! When we know better, we must do better. Iii months ago when y'all turned her frontward facing you did what y'all thought was best, merely now you know differently. Avoid regrets, and requite her the best protection.

Many parents worry that it will exist a disaster turning an older child dorsum rear-facing. Hither is one mom's experience turning her almost-three-year-old son back rear-facing:

"I was initially very hesitant to motility my almost three twelvemonth old son to rear facing from forwards facing. He has been sitting frontwards facing for over a year and can be strong willed when it comes to change. Nonetheless, after hearing how much safer it is I was willing to try. The offset three or and so drives were very difficult as he asked to "look out mama and dada's window" virtually the unabridged time. We ignored and distracted and I was about to give up when I noticed that although he withal complained most sitting rear facing information technology happened less and less. Now (afterward about three weeks) he asks maybe once every other drive if he can sit down forward facing and was even (more often than not) fine the other day when his friend joined us and saturday frontward facing. It was a tough kickoff few drives, but I am very happy we did it and I feel and so much safer.

I already turned my ane year former forward-facing – should I really turn her back rear-facing?

Yes! When we know meliorate, we must do amend. Iii months ago when you turned her forward facing you did what you idea was best, but now you know differently. Avoid regrets, and give her the all-time protection.

Many parents worry that it will be a disaster turning an older child back rear-facing. Here is 1 mom's experience turning her almost-three-year-old son back rear-facing:

"I was initially very hesitant to motion my almost three year old son to rear facing from forward facing. He has been sitting forrad facing for over a year and can exist strong willed when information technology comes to change. However, after hearing how much safer it is I was willing to effort. The first three or so drives were very hard as he asked to "await out mama and dada's window" almost the entire time. We ignored and distracted and I was most to give up when I noticed that although he still complained about sitting rear facing it happened less and less. Now (later on most three weeks) he asks perchance once every other drive if he can sit forrad facing and was even (mostly) fine the other twenty-four hour period when his friend joined us and sat forwards facing. It was a tough offset few drives, simply I am very happy we did it and I feel and so much safer.

My xx-month-erstwhile is likewise heavy for rear-facing in his electric current seat – should I really buy a different seat so he tin can ride rear-facing longer?

Imagine it'due south November and your 20-month-erstwhile has outgrown all of her wintertime clothes from last year. Would you not buy her new winter clothes considering "information technology will be warmer in 4 months"? The car seat is one of the only products you volition always purchase for your child that has the potential to save her life! Just like your kid needs new clothes frequently, they may demand a new car seat sooner than you thought. If you are in a crash, y'all volition be relieved knowing that you gave her the best protection possible.

What is the law?

The laws of physics don't intendance about the laws of the state… but with that said, it is now law in 15 states that children ride rear-facing until at least age ii.

1. California
2. Connecticut
3. Illinois
4. Louisiana
5. Maine
6. Nebraska
7. New Jersey
8. New York
9. Oklahoma
10. Oregon
11. Pennsylvania
12. Rhode Island
13. South Carolina
14. Virginia
15. Washington

What is the prove?

It is critically important to understand that the recommendation to keep children under age 2 rear-facing is non based on a single study, but rather on a broad trunk of research from the United states and Sweden. These citations are included beneath for easy reference.

1. Sherwood CP, Crandall JR. Frontal sled tests comparison rear and forrard facing child restraints with 1-iii twelvemonth onetime dummies.Almanac Proceedings of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine. Clan for the Advocacy of Automotive Medicine, 2007,51: 169-80.
2. Planath I, Rygaard C, Nilsson Due south. Synthesis of data towards neck protection criteria for children.Proceedings of the 1992 International IRCOBI Briefing on the Biomechanics of Impacts. Verona, Italian republic:155-66.
3. Kamren B, Koch 1000, Kullgren A, et al. The protective effects of rearward facing CRS: an overview of possibilities and problems associated with child restraints for children aged 0-3 years.Child Occupant Protection Symposium: SAE International, 1993.
4. Klinich KD, Manary MA, Weber KB. Crash protection for kid passengers: rationale for best practice.UMTRI Res Rev 2012;43:1-35.
5. Isaksson-Hellman I, Jakobsson L, Gustafsson C, et al. Trends and effects of kid restraint systems based on Volvo's Swedish accident database.41st Stapp Motorcar Crash Conference: SAE International, 1997.
6. Jakobsson L, Isaksson-Hellman I, Lundell B. Rubber for the growing child: experiences from Swedish accident data.Proceedings of the 17th ESV Conference, 2005.
7. American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Injury, Violence & Poisonous substance Prevention. Child Passenger Safety. Pediatrics. 2018.
8. Arbogast KB, et al. Injuries to Children in Forwards Facing Kid Restraints. Almanac Proceedings Association for the Advocacy of Automotive Medicine. 2002; 46: 213-30.

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